Chapitre d’ouvrage

Chapitre 2. Les causes du surprésentéisme

Pages 19 à 57

Citer ce chapitre


  • Monneuse, D.
(1991). Chapitre 2. Les causes du surprésentéisme. Le surprésentéisme : Travailler malgré la maladie (p. 19-57). De Boeck Supérieur. https://stm.cairn.info/le-surpresenteisme--9782804190323-page-19?lang=fr.

  • Monneuse, Denis.
« Chapitre 2. Les causes du surprésentéisme ». Le surprésentéisme Travailler malgré la maladie, De Boeck Supérieur, 1991. p.19-57. CAIRN.INFO, stm.cairn.info/le-surpresenteisme--9782804190323-page-19?lang=fr.

  • MONNEUSE, Denis,
1991. Chapitre 2. Les causes du surprésentéisme. In : Le surprésentéisme Travailler malgré la maladie. Louvain-la-Neuve : De Boeck Supérieur. Méthodes & Recherches, p.19-57. URL : https://stm.cairn.info/le-surpresenteisme--9782804190323-page-19?lang=fr.

Notes

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L’absentéisme et le surprésentéisme sont a priori deux réponses différenciées à une même problématique, à savoir un souci de santé. Face à un problème physique et/ou mental, chacun fait le choix de s’arrêter ou de continuer à travailler. La norme demeure néanmoins de rester chez soi le temps de la convalescence. À titre d’illustration, 85 % des salariés canadiens déclarent normalement rester chez eux quand ils sont malades.
On peut légitimement penser que chacun sait que l’absence de repos risque d’aggraver son état de santé. Comme le dit le proverbe : « qui veut voyager loin ménage sa monture ». Dès lors, qu’est-ce qui pousse certains à travailler en dépit de leur pathologie, quitte à repousser une opération médicale ? Qu’est-ce qui les conduit à risquer leur santé sur l’autel du court terme ? Qui sont ces travailleurs estimant qu’ils ne peuvent pas se permettre de s’arrêter ?
À première vue, le surprésentéisme renvoie à deux types de causes :
Le surprésentéisme involontaire, au sens où une personne juge qu’il lui est impossible de s’absenter ou alors que son absence serait d’un coût trop élevé. Typiquement, le salarié précaire qui espère passer en CDI et le commerçant qui doit fermer sa boutique en cas d’absence sont dans ce cas. Plusieurs enquêtes indiquent que cette première causalité est dominante. Elle explique par exemple plus de la moitié du surprésentéisme observé dans une entreprise publique au Canada. Le surprésentéisme involontaire serait particulièrement à l’origine du surprésentéisme de longue durée, c’est-à-dire supérieur à dix jours par a…


Date de mise en ligne : 01/11/2017

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