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    <title> Articles les plus consultés sur Cairn.info en 2018 | Cairn.info</title>
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                            <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:ARSS_224_0076</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Des morales de classe&#160;? |
        Champs intellectuels transnationaux
                    | Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales
            (2018/4 N° 224)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-actes-de-la-recherche-en-sciences-sociales-2018-4-page-76?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-10-11T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:33:27+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[The sociology of morality has often thought of morality in the
singular by delivering the exegesis of philosophical or juridical
texts. While a quantitative tradition has emerged in the field of
the sociology of values and while the sociology of morality has
gone through a recent revival, interpretations in terms of social
class remain scarce. Yet, material and symbolic inequalities shape
the perceptions of fairness and unfairness as well as moral
preferences. Like tastes and distastes, moral preferences owe much
to the belonging to groups that occupy differentiated positions
within the overall social space. By relying on an original
statistical survey that bears upon different fields of application
of morality, we identify the principles that develop and legitimize
the distances between various social groups. We show that the
geography of moral standpoints is structured around two sets of
oppositions (distance vs proximity to cultural legitimism,
principles vs consequences) and that these differentiated moral
positions are what makes it possible to understand the conflicts
between groups, if not within them. Moral preferences have social
foundations, and the analysis of these foundations sheds light on
the structure of today’s social space, which is characterized by a
gradual convergence between cultural and economic elites, and by a
fragmentation of the lower middle classes.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:CNMI_181_0006</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Troubles de l’attachement et de la relation intersubjective chez
l’enfant maltraité |
        Attachement et maltraitance
                    | C.N.M.I.
            (2018/1 N° 7)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-carnet-de-notes-sur-les-maltraitances-infantiles-2018-1-page-6?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-11-05T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:33:23+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[This article presents attachment and intersubjective disorders of
many children who lived in a way frequent and repeated by the
situations of severe carelessness and abuse. In this context, these
children’s emotional experiences have been traumatic. After a
reminder of basic needs, focusing on attachment links his research
aims to analyze how these early experiences, and the defense system
put in place by the child for an excessive length of time, in order
to survive on a psychological level, have caused serious disorders
both in terms of development, and also at the level of the child’s
psychological, neurological and social functioning. It also
addresses possible areas to consider for the review and improvement
for the care of such children, in their daily environment.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:POUV_166_0005</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Macron ou l’illusion de la république gaullienne |
        La V<sup>e</sup>&#160;République
                    | Pouvoirs
            (2018/3 N° 166)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://droit.cairn.info/revue-pouvoirs-2018-3-page-5?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-09-25T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:33:18+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Emmanuel Macron wants to be the president of a Fifth Republic that
has reverted to its Gaullist roots, led by a transformative
president embodying the country beyond right and left. But the
Fifth Republic has only survived by contradicting De&#160;Gaulle’s
original illusion. The General lambasted the party system, yet he
strengthened it, albeit under the domination of a presidential
system that the eighth president is perpetuating without
significant change. The Gaullist vision of the institutions which
Macron has embraced could prove to be another illusion.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:RERU_184_0711</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Les moteurs du développement territorial |
        Varia
                    | Revue d’Économie Rég. &amp; Urbaine
            (2018/4 Octobre)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-economie-regionale-et-urbaine-2018-4-page-711?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-11-07T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:33:14+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[This article copes with the two drivers of territorial development
– namely the production and governance processes. It examines their
characteristics, their functioning, and the role they play in the
implementation of territorial development mechanisms. Their link
with territorial innovations of various natures (technological,
organizational, social and institutional) is also examined. The
text starts with a survey of literature and experiences on the
notions of governance and production at the territorial level,
followed by an analysis of the black box of fabrication of
territorial innovation. To finish, the mechanisms of territorial
development are described, based on three possible options of (non)
development: loyalty or cooperation, voice or competition, spatial
exit or relocation.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:RFS_593_0375</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        <i>Le moment</i> big data <i>des sciences sociales</i> |
        Big data, <em>sociétés et sciences sociales</em>
                    | Revue française de sociologie
            (2018/3 Vol. 59)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-francaise-de-sociologie-2018-3-page-375?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-09-13T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:33:10+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:ENF2_183_0393</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Comprendre le harcèlement pour mieux le&#160;prévenir |
        Le harcèlement scolaire
                    | Enfance
            (2018/3 N° 3)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-enfance-2018-3-page-393?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-10-04T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:33:06+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Harassment (or bullying) is an insidious form of violence which
develops in the intimacy of social relationships. It may appear in
all the social contexts at any age and whatever the cultural levels
of the actors. In this article the main topics of research
associated with harassment are presented. The papers of this
thematic issue deal with the development of aggression related to
social development, the specificity of school harassment, the
various strategies of harassment and in particular cyber
harassment, The issue includes also analyses of the characteristics
of bullies and witnesses and finally presents a prevention program.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:DEBA_201_0004</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Macron, an I |
        Varia
                    | Le Débat
            (2018/4 n° 201)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-le-debat-2018-4-page-4?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-09-27T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:33:01+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:ANNA_723_0607</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Pragmatique de la valeur et structures de la marchandise |
        Valeur et marchandise – Histoire du silence – Peindre à la
Renaissance – Musique et politique
                    | Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales
            (2017/3 72e année)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-annales-2017-3-page-607?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-08-31T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:57+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[The Pragmatics of Valuation and Commodity StructuresDifferent
sociological approaches claiming a close relation to pragmatism
have developed over recent decades, emphasizing situated action,
the interpretive and reflexive capacities of actors, and their
social capabilities. These so-called pragmatic conceptions have
often been presented as an alternative to the structuralism that
dominated previous decades. Without ignoring the differences
between the two approaches, this article seeks to show not only
that they can both be usefully applied to the same object, but also
that they can be integrated into a unified theoretical framework.
The argument is based on recent empirical work devoted to the study
of commercial exchange, in particular the relation between price
and value. The pragmatic study of exchange situations makes it
possible to identify different forms of valuation that are both
embedded into the cognitive resources of actors and objectified in
arrangements arround commodities. From a structural point of view,
these forms of valuation can be considered a “transformation
group,” in the sense described by Claude Lévi-Strauss. However,
this cognitive structuralism cannot help us to understand the
changes undergone by these forms over historical time. For this, we
must call on another type of structuralism, which might be labeled
“systemic” structuralism. This proposes narratives that aim to
establish chains of causality between local processes of
commodification and the evolutions of capitalism at a global level.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:POPU_1802_0225</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        L’avortement dans le monde. État des lieux des législations,
mesures, tendances et conséquences |
        Varia
                    | Population
            (2018/2 Vol. 73)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-population-2018-2-page-225?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-10-10T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:53+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[AbstractAbortion is a fertility regulation practice that women use
in the absence of contraception or when contraceptives fail. Laws
regulating this practice in different countries range from allowing
it on request to restrictive access and even total prohibition.
Where the right to abortion is established, it is frequently
challenged. Debates around legalization are centred on the rights
of women, the rights of the embryo, and the health consequences of
unsafe bortions. But whether abortion is legal or prohibited, women
around the world resort to it, with great disparities in the
intensity of the practice and its health and social consequences.
Levels of safety of abortions varies widely between countries and
regions (safe, less safe, and least safe). They have improved with
the spread of medical abortion, particularly in countries with
legal limits on access, where they replace riskier methods. The
available data are highly heterogeneous: from healthcare statistics
in countries where abortion is legal, to survey data of varying
levels of completeness, and including the use of sophisticated
methods to estimate levels in countries where legal access is
restricted.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:ENF2_183_0421</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Le cyberharcèlement chez les jeunes |
        Le harcèlement scolaire
                    | Enfance
            (2018/3 N° 3)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-enfance-2018-3-page-421?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-10-04T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:48+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[This paper sets out to provide an international literature review
on the young people’s involvement in cyberviolence and
cyberbullying. Over the last decades, a significant dearth of
research has been completed and their definition and
characteristics still lack of consensus. This impacts on prevalence
studies that provide inconsistent findings due to differences in
methods and what is genuinely observed. Nevertheless, there is
evidence that cyberviolence and cyberbullying are part of the young
people’s online experiences and that they negatively impact on
their physical, psychological wellbeing and school life. Research
on associated risks reach a consensus on various aspects: the
impact of time spent online; to be actively involved in online
social networking; the existence of gender differences as well as
the importance of cultural backgrounds and contexts. The latter
were highlighted through cross-national studies. The differences in
terms of socialization and cultural characteristics would require
some further investigations in order to inform prevention and
remediation.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:DEBA_201_0036</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Comment la multipolarité déconstruit le multilatéralisme |
        Varia
                    | Le Débat
            (2018/4 n° 201)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-le-debat-2018-4-page-36?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-09-27T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:44+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:RFSP_685_0777</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Le temps des élites |
        Élections françaises 2017 (2)
                    | Revue française de science politique
            (2018/5 Vol. 68)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-francaise-de-science-politique-2018-5-page-777?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-10-05T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:37+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[OPENING UP POLITICALLY BUT CLOSING OFF SOCIALLY. ELITES AND THE
FRENCH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IN 2017In France, the 2017 legislative
elections witnessed a two-fold transformation. On the one hand, the
decade-long rise in the number of “career politicians“ came
abruptly to a halt with the advent of a large crop of political
newcomers, who at least temporarily curbed the growing
professionalisation of politics. At the same time, these political
newcomers hailed overwhelmingly from a number of very specific (and
bourgeois) segments of the French population. These two overlapping
trends encouraged the rise of partial narratives which favoured one
aspect or the other and were often driven by partisan motives.
Based on an extensive and historical study of French members of
parliament since the 1970s, this article investigates and explains
this two-fold transformation of the French political sphere. It
analyses the massive arrival of political novices from the upper
classes of society as a phenomenon of “cutting in line“ – a line
composed of those waiting for access to positions of national
power. From there, and due to the emphasis placed on the temporal
aspect of political careers, this article shall revisit the
traditional concept of “political trajectories“ from a critical
perspective.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:SOCIO_091_0061</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Les ambitions théoriques de la sociologie |
        Varia
                    | Sociologie
            (2018/1 Vol. 9)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-sociologie-2018-1-page-61?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-03-23T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:33+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Sociology is a two-level science that articulates theory and
empirical materials. As such, it needs as much theory to build the
data it works on, as data to limit its theoretical reflection. It
is also a necessarily critical science that breaks with common
sense and destroys illusions about the social world. But the
challenge it faces is its current ability to produce general
theories despite empirical constraints, competition between
regional theories and the social division of scientific work. A
synthetic theoretical formula in the field of action theories is
presented in conclusion.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:ARSS_221_0020</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        «&#160;Mes enfants l’heure est grave&#160;: il va falloir faire des
économies&#160;» |
        Politiques de la faillite
                    | Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales
            (2018/1-2 N° 221-222)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-actes-de-la-recherche-en-sciences-sociales-2018-1-page-20?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-04-16T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:28+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[This article analyzes the connections between the recent reforms of
higher education in France, in particular the so-called LRU law of
2007, and the financial situation of universities. The main
hypothesis is that fallibility understood as the perspective,
threat or fear of bankruptcy, constitutes a mode of government: by
precipitating the financial crisis of universities, public
authorities limit their role to setting the budgetary framework of
university reform and delegate to the actors concerned the choice
of the concrete measures that should be implemented. Thus, the
possible bankruptcy of universities should not be analyzed as the
unfortunate consequence of the implementation of new rules, but
rather as a full-fledged mode of public action. This “politics of
empty coffers”, methodically built through a succession of reforms,
does not aim at closing the universities but at forcefully
converting these public institutions to a new form of management.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:RFS_593_0395</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        De quoi l’écart d’âge est-il le nombre&#160;? |
        Big data, <em>sociétés et sciences sociales</em>
                    | Revue française de sociologie
            (2018/3 Vol. 59)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-francaise-de-sociologie-2018-3-page-395?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-09-13T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:23+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[What’s behind the age gap between spouses? Big data and the study
of age difference within couplesIn the majority of heterosexual
couples the man is older than the woman. This observation is
surprisingly consistent over time and space. In almost all known
societies, the husband is on average older than the wife. Yet
although this fact is well established, the mechanisms at work are
much less so. How does this gender asymmetry come to be?
Traditional surveys have a hard time answering this question;
because they focus on individuals who are already in a couple, they
do not adequately capture the dating process. This article relies
on an alternative approach that mobilizes data from an online
dating site. These services—which are now widely used in
France—provide an original viewpoint on women’s and men’s mate
preferences and the matching mechanisms. In doing so, they provide
new results. Whereas survey data suggest that the age difference is
above all sought by women, the data from the website show that it
is also desired by men, especially after a separation. More
generally, the study questions the notion of the “partner
choice”—largely used in the sociological literature—and shows that
romantic and sexual encounters are based on a compromise between
female and male preferences that diverge rather than they coincide.
Through the example of age difference between spouses, the article
seeks to demonstrate some of the opportunities provided by “big
data”.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:COMM_163_0687</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        «&#160;Orientation et réussite des étudiants&#160;» |
        Varia
                    | Commentaire
            (2018/3 Numéro 163)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-commentaire-2018-3-page-687?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-08-02T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:18+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:POUV_166_0027</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Les révisions constitutionnelles&#160;: une constitution moins
procédurale et plus fondamentale |
        La V<sup>e</sup>&#160;République
                    | Pouvoirs
            (2018/3 N° 166)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://droit.cairn.info/revue-pouvoirs-2018-3-page-27?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-09-25T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:14+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[The Constitution of the Fifth Republic has undergone twenty-four
revisions. It has been and remains the text that organizes the
government. Through these revisions, however, it is less so and has
become the foundation of fundamental rights and liberties following
the 1974 and 2008 revisions, which guarantee the justiciability of
all constitutional provisions.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:POUV_166_0139</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Le mythe de la sixième République |
        La V<sup>e</sup>&#160;République
                    | Pouvoirs
            (2018/3 N° 166)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://droit.cairn.info/revue-pouvoirs-2018-3-page-139?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-09-25T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:08+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Under the falsely univocal banner calling for a new or “Sixth”
Republic, two different constitutional options can be distinguished
which both claim to attack the unbridled presidentialism of our
institutions. The first offers to consolidate the president’s power
vis-à-vis the Prime minister in a French-style presidential regime,
while the second would like to neutralize it on the model of the
European prime-ministerial regimes. But both derive from an
illusion, namely that a genuine change of regime could take place
without a reform of the mode of election of the head of State.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:RES_211_0173</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        La revanche des neurones |
        Machines prédictives
                    | Réseaux
            (2018/5 n° 211)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-reseaux-2018-5-page-173?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-11-02T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:32:03+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Neurons spike backSince 2010, machine-learning-based predictive
techniques, and more specifically deep learning neural networks,
have achieved spectacular performances in the fields of image
recognition and automatic translation, under the umbrella term of
“Artificial Intelligence” (AI). But their relation to this field of
research is not straightforward. In the tumultuous history of AI,
learning techniques using so-called “connectionist” neural networks
have long been mocked and ostracized by the “symbolic” movement.
This article retraces the history of artificial intelligence
through the lens of the tension between symbolic and connectionist
approaches. From a social history of science and technology
perspective, it highlights how researchers, relying on the
availability of massive data and the multiplication of computing
power, have undertaken to reformulate the symbolic AI project by
reviving the spirit of adaptive and inductive machines dating back
from the era of cybernetics.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:QDM_182_0143</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        L’impact de la digitalisation des organisations sur le rapport au
travail&#160;: entre aliénation et émancipation |
        Question(s) de transformation
                    | Question(s) de management
            (2018/2 n° 21)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-questions-de-management-2018-2-page-143?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-09-13T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2022-01-10T17:31:57+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[The impact of the digitalization of organizations on the
relationship to work: between alienation and emancipationSince the
2000s, the massive introduction of technologies has profoundly
transformed management practices and professional relations within
organizations. In this article, we rely on a review of the
literature to study the effects of digitalization on the
relationship to work of a population particularly impacted, the
executives. We question the meaning of impulsed evolution dynamics.
The technological innovation emerges as a factor of emancipation
but also as a potential source of alienation. It does not guarantee
the development of social progress and raises ethical questions.]]></summary>
    </entry>
            </feed>
