An alcohol-related disorder is a major public health problem. Liver impairment is one of its most frequent consequences. At a very advanced stage of liver disease, the only available treatment is transplantation. However, many patients relapse into severe alcohol consumption, with a serious impact on their vital prognosis. Anticipating this relapse is a major challenge in the treatment of patients. The aim of our study was to test a validated neuropsychological tool, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), with chronic alcohol patients, and to correlate the test results with severe alcoholic relapse in post liver transplant patients. This was a descriptive epidemiological study conducted over a three-year period. The patients included gave their written informed consent to participate in the study. The primary endpoint was post-transplant liver relapse. Relapse was defined as at-risk alcohol consumption, i.e. a consumption of more than twenty-one standard units per week in men and fourteen standard units per week in women. The IGT test was performed during the pre-transplant assessment of the patients. Follow-up was carried out based on four consultations over a period of one year. This study seeks to highlight a link between impaired decision making and a high risk of relapse in patients undergoing transplant for alcoholic liver disease.